Unraveling the Connection: Low Energy and Hypothyroidism

Feeling tired and low on energy is a common complaint that many people and especially women experience at some point in their lives. However, for those with hypothyroidism, persistent fatigue and low energy levels can be a daily struggle. Let's delve into the intricate relationship between low energy and hypothyroidism, to shed light on how an underactive thyroid gland can significantly impact our vitality and overall well-being. I'm particularly interested in how the Ayurvedic, naturopathic and scientific perspectives intersect with similar explanations and root causes. 

Understanding Hypothyroidism

Before we explore the link between low energy and hypothyroidism, let's briefly understand the condition itself. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland, located in the base of the neck, fails to produce an adequate amount of thyroid hormones.These hormones, namely thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall bodily functions. There are a multitude of causes such as Hashimoto's disease (autoimmune condition of the thyroid), inflammation of the thyroid gland, radiation and toxic exposure to name a few - but I will cover this in another blog as it's an important and big discussion. Ayurveda can also help in understanding the causes of Hypothyroidism. Just to give a brief introduction to this topic, in Ayurveda, the thyroid gland and its functioning are closely related to the balance and imbalances of the doshas and individual constitution. The doshas are the fundamental energetic forces that govern all aspects of the body and mind. They are known as Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each dosha is associated with specific qualities, functions, and physiological processes in the body. The doshas influence our physical constitution, mental and emotional tendencies, and overall state of health. Here's some connections to Hypothyroidism and the Dosha's:

- Imbalanced Vata Dosha: Ayurveda associates hypothyroidism with an imbalance of Vata dosha. Vata governs movement, metabolism, and energy distribution in the body. When Vata is imbalanced, it can disrupt the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, leading to low energy levels and a decrease in metabolic activities.

- Aggravated Kapha Dosha: Another factor associated with hypothyroidism in Ayurveda is the aggravation of Kapha dosha. Kapha governs structure, stability, and lubrication in the body. When Kapha becomes excessive or imbalanced, it can inhibit the function of the thyroid gland, leading to decreased thyroid hormone production and subsequently low energy.

- Inflammation and Autoimmunity: Pitta dosha is associated with heat and inflammation in the body. In some cases, hypothyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and decreased thyroid hormone production. Pitta imbalance, characterized by increased heat and inflammation, may contribute to the inflammatory processes associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

So what is this relationship between low energy and hypothyroidism all about?

Sluggish Metabolism, the Gut and Energy Production

Thyroid hormones are responsible for maintaining the body's metabolic rate. When the thyroid gland is underactive, the production of these hormones decreases, leading to a sluggish metabolism. As a result, the body's ability to convert food into energy is compromised, and individuals with hypothyroidism often experience fatigue and a notable decline in energy levels. From the Ayurvedic perspective a sluggish/weak digestion can lead to the accumulation of toxins (Ama) in the body. These toxins can interfere with the proper functioning of various organs, including the thyroid gland, leading to low energy levels.This persistent low energy can make even simple tasks feel challenging and impact overall productivity and quality of life. The relationship between the gut, digestive function and toxin accumulation is crucial in this discussion with examples of causative factors below.

Source: Pizzorno J. Toxins From the Gut. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014 Dec;13(6):8-11. PMID: 26770119; PMCID: PMC4566437.

Disrupted Cellular Function

Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the functioning of every cell in the body. They help regulate energy production within the cells, ensuring that essential processes run smoothly. Thyroid hormones enter target cells by crossing the cell membrane. Inside the cells, T3 binds to specific nuclear receptors called thyroid hormone receptors (THR). The binding of T3 to THR initiates gene expression and influences the function of various cellular processes. In hypothyroidism, the reduced levels of thyroid hormones disrupt this delicate balance, resulting in impaired cellular energy production. As a consequence, individuals may experience a sense of exhaustion, lethargy, and a lack of motivation. Ayurveda recognizes that an excess or imbalance of Vata dosha can disrupt cellular function. Vata governs movement and communication, including the movement of nutrients and signals within cells. When Vata is imbalanced, it can affect the normal functioning of cells, including those in the thyroid gland. This imbalance may contribute to the disruption of thyroid hormone production, release, and cellular uptake, ultimately affecting cellular function throughout the body.

Brain Fog and Mental Fatigue

The brain is highly dependent on thyroid hormones for optimal functioning. In hypothyroidism, the brain may not receive an adequate supply of thyroid hormones, leading to a condition commonly known as "brain fog." This cognitive symptom manifests as difficulties with concentration, memory, and mental clarity. As a result, individuals with hypothyroidism often report feeling mentally fatigued, making it challenging to focus and maintain productivity. 

Brain fog is often characterized by a sense of confusion, poor concentration, and a lack of mental clarity. These symptoms are in line with the qualities of Vata dosha, which is responsible for movement, communication, and the flow of thoughts. When Vata becomes imbalanced, it can lead to scattered thinking, restlessness, and difficulty focusing, contributing to the experience of brain fog. Brain fog can also be linked to an imbalance in Kapha dosha. Kapha governs stability, heaviness, and lubrication in the body. When Kapha becomes excessive or imbalanced, it can lead to a feeling of heaviness in the mind, mental lethargy, and a sense of dullness or foggy thinking. Increased Kapha qualities can impair mental agility and can also contribute to the manifestation of brain fog.

Muscle Weakness and Fatigue

Muscle weakness and fatigue are frequently observed in individuals with hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in muscle metabolism and contractility. In their absence, muscles may not receive the necessary signals for efficient energy utilization, leading to a sense of weakness and fatigue. Physical tasks that were once effortless may become more challenging, further contributing to the overall low energy experienced. As Vata dosha is responsible for movement and governs the nervous system, including muscle function, when it becomes imbalanced, it can lead to dryness, roughness, and irregularities in the body, including the muscles. Imbalanced Vata can hence result in poor nourishment and circulation to the muscles, leading to weakness, fatigue, and reduced muscle tone.

Our Ojas in Ayurveda are the subtle essence of all the body tissues and are responsible for vitality, strength, and immunity. Imbalances in Vata dosha can lead to the depletion of Ojas, affecting overall physical strength and stamina. Reduced Ojas can manifest as muscle weakness, decreased endurance, and susceptibility to fatigue.

Other Contributing Factors

It's essential to recognize that low energy levels in hypothyroidism can be influenced by various factors, both directly and indirectly related to the condition. For instance, untreated hypothyroidism can result in weight gain, which can further exacerbate fatigue and lead to a sedentary lifestyle. Additionally, hormonal imbalances, disrupted sleep patterns, and mood disturbances commonly associated with hypothyroidism can all contribute to the experience of low energy. 

Additionally, Ayurveda places great emphasis on proper digestion and assimilation of nutrients for overall health and well-being. Imbalances in the doshas, particularly a weakened digestive fire (Agni), can result in impaired digestion and nutrient absorption. Inadequate nutrient supply to the muscles can contribute to weakness, reduced muscle strength, and add to fatigue. 

Plus according to Ayurveda, each individual has a unique constitutional makeup (Prakriti) that influences their physical and mental characteristics. For example, some individuals may naturally have a tendency to gain weight due to their inherent constitution, such as a dominant Kapha dosha which may then contribute to low energy and related symptoms. 

Let's find the underlying causes!

Low energy is an undeniable symptom that often accompanies hypothyroidism, impacting individuals on a physical, cognitive, and emotional level. The underproduction of thyroid hormones affects metabolism, cellular function, brain health, and muscle strength, all of which contribute to a persistent sense of fatigue and low energy levels. If you suspect you have hypothyroidism or are experiencing chronic fatigue, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment. By addressing the underlying thyroid dysfunction, individuals can regain their vitality and restore their energy levels, enabling them to live a fulfilling and energized life.

In Ayurveda, hypothyroidism is understood as a complex condition influenced by various factors, including lifestyle choices, dietary habits, stress levels, and doshic imbalances. Ayurveda focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of hypothyroidism to restore balance and promote overall well-being. Some of the root causes we have discussed relate to an imbalanced digestive fire (Agni),  vata, kapha and pitta dosha imbalances, toxin accumulation, and depleted Ojas (strength and immunity.  Ayurvedic treatment for hypothyroidism focuses on addressing the root causes and restoring balance to the body. This often involves dietary adjustments, lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, herbal remedies, detoxification therapies, and rejuvenation practices. A holistic approach is taken, considering individual constitution (Prakriti) and imbalances, to provide personalized recommendations and support overall well-being.

If you feel like you are not in your optimal energy, and want to get there, it might be time to investigate the WHY’s  and HOW’s of your ongoing fatigue. We are so fortunate to have thousands of years of ancient medicine wisdom from Ayurveda, plus the support of evidence based and scientific research to investigate and treat Hypothyroidism and it's related symptoms.